Intrauterine insemination

While IUI and IVF are both fertility treatments, they differ in their approach. IUI involves the direct injection of sperm into the uterus, whereas IVF includes the fertilisation of eggs outside the uterus and allow fertilisation to occur naturally, followed by the transfer of embryos into the uterus. IVF is typically advised for couples with more complex fertility issues, such as severe male factor infertility, tubal blockages, or advanced maternal age. The choice between IUI and IVF depends on the specific circumstances and the advice of your fertility specialist.

Fertility experts generally recommend IUI for couples who have been trying to conceive for a year without success. They may also suggest it for couples with specific fertility issues, such as mild male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, or cervical issues. Your fertility specialist will analyse your medical history, execute necessary tests, and recommend the most suitable treatment plan based on your circumstances.

The IUI procedure involves several steps. First, the woman undergoes ovarian stimulation with the help of fertility medications to encourage the development of one or two mature eggs. Regular observation through ultrasounds helps determine the optimal time for insemination. On the day of the IUI, the male spouse gives a semen sample, which is then processed in the andrology laboratory to isolate the healthiest and most active sperms. The prepared sperm sample is then inseminated into the woman's uterus using a thin catheter. The entire procedure is relatively quick and typically painless.

There are two types of IUI cycles: natural cycle IUI and medicated cycle IUI. Natural cycle IUI involves monitoring the woman's natural menstrual cycle and timing the insemination accordingly. Medication cycle IUI involves using fertility medications to stimulate the ovaries and increase the possibilities of successful ovulation. The choice of the IUI cycle depends on various factors, including the woman's age, fertility history, and the advice of the fertility specialist.

Before the IUI procedure, the semen sample provided by the male partner undergoes sperm preparation. The semen sample is washed and centrifuged to separate the sperm from other components. This process helps remove any impurities, non-motile sperm, and debris, leaving behind the healthiest and most motile sperm for the insemination process. Sperm preparation is crucial to maximising the chances of successful fertilisation.

The success rate of IUI varies depending on various factors, including the age of the woman, the cause of infertility, and the quality of sperm used. On average, the success rate of IUI ranges from 10% to 20% per cycle. However, with multiple cycles, the chances of success can increase significantly. It is essential to keep in mind that success rates can vary from person to person, and it is highly recommended to consult with your fertility specialist. Their expertise will give you a personalised understanding of your chances of success, offering you the support and guidance you need.

IUI is generally a safe treatment modality with minimal risks. Some women may experience mild cramping or spotting after the procedure, which usually resolves quickly. In rare cases, there may be a chance of infection or damage to the reproductive organs, but these risks are extremely low. It is essential to discuss any queries or concerns regarding potential risks with your fertility specialist, who can provide personalised information and address your specific situation.

Implantation typically occurs six to twelve days after IUI, but the exact timing can vary from person to person. During this period, the fertilised egg travels down the fallopian tubes and implants into the uterus's lining. Some women may experience mild spotting or cramping during implantation, while others may not have any noticeable symptoms. If you suspect you may be pregnant, it is best to consult with your fertility specialist for further guidance.

The earliest time to detect a pregnancy after IUI is around ten to fourteen days post-procedure. It is essential to wait until this time to take a home pregnancy test or schedule a blood test to confirm pregnancy. Home pregnancy tests can provide an early indication of pregnancy, but a blood test is the most accurate way to confirm pregnancy. Rest assured, your fertility expert will be there to guide you on the timing of the pregnancy test and provide ongoing support throughout the process, ensuring you are well-informed and confident.