TESA for Non-Obstructive Azoospermia: Explore Effective Treatment Options and Success Rates for Male Infertility

Reviewed By: Dr. Maunica Sorakayalapeta, fertility specialist at Ferty9 Fertility Center, L. B. Nagar

Infertility affects millions of couples worldwide. Approximately 40% cases of infertility are due to male factors. One such condition is non-obstructive azoospermia, where the testes don't produce sperm. In the past, this condition was seen as untreatable, leaving many couples heartbroken with few options. However, with advances in assisted reproductive techniques like Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA), there is now hope.

This blog will take you through the TESA procedure, its success stories, and how it can transform the lives of those facing male infertility. We will explain how TESA works, its benefits, potential side effects, and how it stands against other treatments. 

Are you looking for male infertility treatment services?

Understanding non-obstructive azoospermia

Non-obstructive azoospermia is a condition where there is no sperm in a man's ejaculate. It affects about 1 out of every 100 men and causes 10-15% of male infertility cases. Unlike obstructive azoospermia, which happens because of a blockage that stops sperm from getting out, non-obstructive azoospermia is usually due to issues with sperm production.

There are different reasons why sperm production might be affected. One common cause is testicular failure, where the testicles can't produce sperm properly. This can happen because of genetic issues, hormonal imbalances, or exposure to certain environmental factors. Other causes include varicocele, a condition where the veins in the scrotum get enlarged and disrupt sperm production. Infections, injuries, or certain medications can also lead to this condition.

Living with non-obstructive azoospermia can be really tough. The dream of having children feels distant, and the journey can be emotionally challenging.

Also Read: How to increase sperm count and motility

What is the TESA Procedure, and how does it work?

The Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) procedure is a minimally invasive surgical technique used to extract sperm directly from the testicles. It can be a procedure of choice for men with non-obstructive azoospermia. During the procedure, a surgeon makes a small incision in the scrotum. He then uses a thin needle to aspirate or remove a small sample of testicular tissue. This tissue is then inspected under a microscope to identify and retrieve any viable sperm cells.

The retrieved sperm can then be used in various ART procedures, such as In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) or Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI), to fertilise the female partner's eggs and potentially result in a successful pregnancy.

TESA-IVF: Success Rates and Benefits

The success of the TESA procedure in treating non-obstructive azoospermia has been well-documented. Studies have shown that the TESA procedure can effectively retrieve sperm in up to 60% of men with non-obstructive azoospermia, providing them with a viable option for fertility treatment.

Furthermore, the TESA procedure offers several benefits to individuals and couples facing male infertility, such as:

• Improved Pregnancy Rates: When combined with IVF or ICSI, the TESA procedure can significantly improve the chances of achieving a successful pregnancy..
• Minimal Invasiveness: The TESA procedure is a minimally invasive surgical technique requiring only a tiny incision in the scrotum. Compared to more invasive surgical options, this results in a shorter recovery time and reduced risk of complications.
• Increased Accessibility: The TESA procedure is widely available, with many fertility clinics and specialists offering this treatment option, making it more accessible to men and couples seeking alternative solutions for male infertility.
• Potential for Future Fertility: In some cases, the TESA procedure can also preserve the patient's ability to father children naturally in the future. The fertility expert can freeze retrieved sperm to store and use for future fertility treatments.

TESA Procedure: Side Effects and Recovery Time

While the TESA procedure is generally considered a safe and well-tolerated treatment, there are some potential side effects and a relatively short recovery time to be aware of:

Side Effects: 

The most common side effects associated with the TESA procedure include mild discomfort, swelling, and bruising in the scrotum. There may be infection or bleeding in rare cases, but these complications are typically minor, and your doctor can effectively manage them with proper medical care.

Recovery Time: 

The TESA procedure is an outpatient procedure. Most patients are discharged on the same day and can start their normal activities within a few days to a week. The incision site typically heals quickly, and any discomfort or swelling should subside within a week or two.

It is important to remember that the specific side effects and recovery time may vary from individual to individual. Patients should strictly adhere to the post-operative instructions provided by the doctor. This adherence ensures a smooth and successful recovery.

Related read: Top Factors Affecting the IVF Success and Failure

TESA vs. Other Fertility Treatment Options

When it comes to treating male infertility, the TESA procedure is often considered alongside ICSI. Understanding the differences and similarities between TESA and other fertility treatments can help individuals and couples understand the best course of action for their specific fertility needs.

Suggested Read: Male Infertility Testing: Understanding the Process and Results

TESA Procedure: Is it right for you?

Determining whether the TESA procedure is the right choice for an individual or couple facing male infertility requires a comprehensive assessment by a fertility specialist. The decision-making process considers the following factors:

• Diagnosis: A thorough evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests, is necessary to determine the underlying reason for infertility and assess the suitability of the TESA procedure.
• Fertility History: The specialist will consider the individual's or couple's previous fertility treatments and their outcomes to determine the most appropriate course of action.
• Personal Preferences: Factors such as the individual's or couple's willingness to undergo a surgical procedure, financial considerations, and overall fertility goals will also influence the decision-making process.
• Specialist Recommendation: The fertility specialist's expertise and recommendation will be crucial in determining whether the TESA procedure is the best option based on the individual's or couple's circumstances.

Individuals and couples can carefully consider these factors to decide whether the TESA procedure is the right choice for their fertility journey.

Also Read: The Role Of Fertility Centers In Modern Reproductive Medicine

Finding a TESA Procedure Specialist

Locating a qualified and experienced TESA procedure specialist is crucial for the success of the treatment. When searching for a TESA specialist, individuals and couples should consider the following:

• Certification: Ensure the specialist is certified in reproductive endocrinology, infertility, or a related field to ensure they have the necessary expertise and training.
• Experience: Look for a specialist with extensive experience performing the TESA procedure and a track record of successful outcomes.
• Fertility Clinic Reputation: Research the fertility clinic or hospital where the specialist practices. The clinic's overall reputation and quality of care can indicate the specialist's expertise.
• Patient Reviews: Read testimonials and reviews by previous or current patients to understand the specialist's expertise, skills, and overall patient satisfaction.

By finding a qualified and experienced TESA procedure specialist, individuals and couples can increase their chances of a successful outcome and a positive fertility treatment experience.

If you or your partner are struggling with non-obstructive azoospermia, the TESA procedure may be a viable solution. Schedule a consultation with a fertility specialist today to learn more about your treatment options and the potential for achieving your family-building goals.

Suggested Read: Why Dropping One’s Tobacco Habit is Important for Male Infertility?

Conclusion

The TESA procedure has emerged as a game-changer in the field of male infertility, offering hope and new possibilities for individuals and couples facing the challenges of non-obstructive azoospermia. By leveraging the advancements in assisted reproductive techniques, the TESA procedure has demonstrated impressive success rates, making it an effective treatment option for those seeking to overcome male-factor infertility.

The TESA procedure is a minimally invasive surgical technique that can effectively retrieve sperm from the testicles, allowing for the utilisation of assisted reproductive technologies, such as IVF and ICSI, to achieve successful pregnancies.

While the TESA procedure may not be the right choice for everyone, it is a testament to the remarkable progress being made in reproductive medicine. By understanding the procedure's intricacies, advantages, and the importance of working with a qualified specialist, couples can take informed steps about their fertility journey and unlock new possibilities for building their families.

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